Brazilian Military Dictatorship

Joao Goulart, the last civilian president before military dictatorship, was elected during a time of political and economic instability. Goulart made attempts at stabilizing the economy but failed. He made a speech on March 13, 1964 where he promised to nationalize the country's oil refineries,as well as carry out basic reforms including rent controls.The military began to seek power over Brazil after Goulart was involved in a revolt b ysailors of the Brazilian Navy. Almost two thousand sailors convened to sign a petition showing their support of Goulart's reforms. The Minister of the Navy broke up the gathering and arrested the sailors for mutiny. Goulart pardoned them and infuriated the military. In the early hours of March 31st, 1964, General Olimpio Mourao Filho ordered his troops to begin the move to Rio de Janeiro. Goulart put up a fight but in the end had no military support of his own so he fled to Uruguay. The position of presidency was declared vacant on April first and  on April 11, 1964, General Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco was elected President by the National Congress, becoming the first military president in Brazil. The military dictatorship lasted twenty years and was prominent because of economic growth, and was powered by large international loans, the increase of inflation, the dissatisfaction of the population, left-wing guerrilla activities and the repression of freedom of expression.Joao Figueiredo ruled Brazil from 1979 to1985 and was the last military president.He is credited with beginning the transition from military rule to civilian and promising the country be made democrat. Near the end of the military dictatorship, civil society ordered large political rallies to request direct presidential elections. Tancredo Neves was elected president by the National Congress and ended the military dictatorship.

       Juan Peron  By: Violeta M.

           In 1943, the people of Argentina could no longer tolerate the machinations of President Ramon Castillo and took control. They had grown to admire the manner in which Germany transformed itself in the 1930's from a vanquished and humiliated nations into a proud and mighty world power. The GUO took control of the union, censored the media, suppressed opposition and jailed dissidents. Peron was gaining power within the GUO. Cunning, capable and charismatic he used his position as labor minister to win the trust and support of organized labor by offering pensions and benefits. Rival officers feared his ambitions and disliked the "left-wing" programs he implements and had Peron jailed. But his supporters in the labor movement staged a massive pro-Peron demonstration in the streets of Buenos Aires that forced his release on October 17, 1945. An election was set for 1946 and Peron ran for the presidency extolling the virtues of democracy. Peron captured 54% of the votes.

Peru's 1960 Military Dictatorship:

Before the recession, elections held fraud and the military replaced the president with another, resulting in a military regime to start. When the recession in the mid-1960s occurred, and inflation following suit, the people still managed to thrive and prosper. The new president chosen by the military took interest in foreign trade, which resulted in a fish revolving economy. The recession turned this all around, and now the economy was failing. Lacking the support of the nation, they proceeded to go through military reforms, though they were all unsuccessful. When the military took over completely, not many people took mind until many setbacks on freedom of speech took place and the current president was arrested and exiled. Soon after, many rebellions and protest littered the streets. 

The personal qualities of the leaders in Peru are reins of power to back them up, along with most of them having the assistance of the military, being in them for some time before they became president. The only exception had been kicked out by the military, only to be elected again once the military died down in the 1980s.

i picked brazil, Sam Wreh

They first gained power in 1964 because no civilian politician was acceptable to all the revolutionary fractions. It put in its army chief of staff, Marshal Humberto Castelo Branco, he was president for three years (1964-67). At first he did not to go along with the military's wants, which were to institutionalize the military in power. After, refusing this demand, he received competing demands which only radicalized the situation and forced him to take action to appease these demands. He did not last long though after only 3 years he was removed from office. Although the dictatorship did not solve all the problems that Brazil faced and in fact caused some of their own, like the DOI-COID which was responsible for a substantial number of human rights violations, they still had a high point which was the Brazil miracle in which GDP rose. When General Joao Baptista Figueiredo (197-1985) took control, he promised to turn Brazil into a democracy. His term marked the end of military dictatorship in Brazil.